The Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King in Liverpool has been upgraded from Grade II to Grade I listed status by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, following a recommendation from Historic England.
The listing recognises the cathedral’s significance as a landmark of post-war religious architecture and one of the UK’s most important examples of modernist design in the built environment.
Designed by Sir Frederick Gibberd and constructed between 1962 and 1967, the cathedral was built above a crypt designed earlier by Sir Edwin Lutyens.
The revised listing reflects a deeper understanding of the building’s structural innovation, architectural vision, and impact on the evolution of ecclesiastical design in the second half of the 20th century.
A Radical Shift in Ecclesiastical Architecture
Gibberd’s design marked a decisive break from traditional cathedral construction. The centralised plan, which positioned the altar at the heart of the structure, was designed to enhance the congregation’s engagement in the liturgy — a shift aligned with reforms from the Second Vatican Council (1962–65).
The structure incorporates reinforced concrete, precast panels, and innovative glazing techniques. The most striking element is the lantern tower — a ring of coloured glass windows by artists John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens, fixed using epoxy resin into a lattice of fine concrete ribs.
Commenting on the upgrade, Sarah Charlesworth, Historic England’s Listing Team Leader North, said:
“Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral transformed British cathedral design with its revolutionary centralised plan, representing a radical departure from traditional designs. Sir Frederick Gibberd’s masterpiece, built upon Lutyens’ earlier crypt, showcases extraordinary artistic collaboration and stands as one of Britain’s most significant post-war architectural achievements.”
Integration of Art and Construction
The cathedral’s design brought together architecture and fine art. Contributions from Elizabeth Frink, William Mitchell, Margaret Traherne, David Atkins, and Ceri Richards feature prominently across doors, stained glass, sculpture, and flooring — a comprehensive artistic programme integrated into the construction phase.
Steve Rotheram, Mayor of the Liverpool City Region, said:
“Liverpool is a city with a proud architectural and cultural heritage, and the Metropolitan Cathedral is one of its most iconic landmarks. The bold, modern design broke new ground and has become a beacon of faith, hope and innovation, not just for our region but across the world.
This Grade I listing rightly recognises its architectural brilliance and enduring importance to the Liverpool City Region’s identity. It’s a welcome and well-deserved honour.”
Liam Robinson, Leader of Liverpool City Council, added:
“The elevation of the Metropolitan Cathedral to Grade I listed status is a proud moment for Liverpool. This recognition not only honours a masterpiece of modern architecture but also celebrates the spirit of innovation and resilience that epitomises our city. The cathedral stands as a beacon of creativity, community, hope and faith and is a powerful symbol of Liverpool’s cultural and architectural legacy.”
Legacy of Modern Construction
Sir Frederick Gibberd (1908–1984) was a key figure in British post-war architecture. In addition to the Liverpool cathedral, his portfolio includes Harlow New Town, the original terminals at Heathrow, and several large-scale infrastructure projects. His work on the cathedral is considered one of the most significant religious buildings of the 20th century.
Archbishop John Sherrington, Archbishop of Liverpool, said:
“I welcome the announcement that Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King has been recognised as a Grade I listed building. It commands the Liverpool skyline and is visible for miles around. The building has been described as ‘the soul of the city’ and brings hope to thousands who visit each year.
The colours of the stained glass and revolutionary architectural style help raise their minds and hearts beyond this world to the transcendent and to God.
It is very significant that the cathedral has been recognised during the Jubilee Year which has the theme ‘pilgrims of hope’. I hope the upgraded listed status allows us to welcome even more pilgrims to our striking Mother Church.
I thank all who have contributed to the upkeep and repair of the building for over 60 years and pray that we may care nationally for this building of the highest architectural and historical interest.”
Wider Architectural Impact
In parallel with the cathedral’s upgrade, Historic England has also revised the listing for Hopwood Hall Chapel in Middleton, Greater Manchester. Built in 1964–65 to Gibberd’s design, the chapel shares many structural and stylistic features with the Liverpool cathedral, including a lantern-lit sanctuary and circular layout.
Baroness Twycross, Heritage Minister, said:
“Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral’s Grade I status honours Sir Frederick Gibberd’s architectural brilliance and recognises his visionary design, which created a landmark that continues to inspire people. Liverpool’s iconic Cathedral is a truly remarkable and much-loved building which deserves to be protected so it can be enjoyed for generations to come.”
Kim Johnson, MP for Liverpool Riverside, also commented:
“I’m absolutely delighted that the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King has been awarded Grade I listed status. As a world-renowned and instantly recognisable symbol of Liverpool, it is deeply embedded in our city’s identity. This recognition rightly honours its architectural significance and the prominent place it holds in our skyline – a true jewel in Liverpool’s crown.”
Catherine Croft, Director of the Twentieth Century Society, said:
“The ‘Wigwam’ or ‘The Mersey Funnel’, as it’s affectionately known among locals, is unique in world architecture and has long been a powerful homecoming beacon for Liverpudlians.
Liverpool now rightly has two magnificent Grade I listed cathedrals which together demonstrate just how varied, exciting, and emotionally uplifting twentieth century architecture can be.
A great vessel of post-war glass, sculpture and design, the listing upgrade will help ensure the modernist cathedral’s careful long-term conservation and appreciation by all who visit – to worship or just to marvel.”
